Kazakh grammar for beginners · Saturday, and the days counted off it
The week runs from düisenbı (дүйсенбі) to jeksenbı (жексенбі). The names came into Kazakh from Persian, and most of them are two pieces: a numeral, and the word for Saturday.
The seven days
düisenbı дүйсенбі
Monday · Turkish: pazartesi
Turkish went its own way here: pazartesi is "after Sunday".
seisenbı сейсенбі
Tuesday · Turkish: salı
särsenbı сәрсенбі
Wednesday · Turkish: çarşamba
Turkish çarşamba is this same Persian word.
beisenbı бейсенбі
Thursday · Turkish: perşembe
And perşembe is this one.
jūma жұма
Friday · Turkish: cuma
Also the word for a week. Turkish cuma is only the day.
senbı сенбі
Saturday · Turkish: cumartesi
Turkish counts its Saturday off Friday instead — cumartesi is "after Friday".
jeksenbı жексенбі
Sunday · Turkish: pazar
Turkish took pazar, the market, for this day.
The numeral counts on from Saturday
senbı (сенбі) on its own is Saturday. The numeral in front of it says how many days later the day falls: one gives jeksenbı (жексенбі) Sunday, two düisenbı (дүйсенбі) Monday, three seisenbı (сейсенбі), four särsenbı (сәрсенбі), five beisenbı (бейсенбі).
Those numerals came with the words, so they are Persian and will not sound like bır (бір), ekı (екі) or üş (үш). jūma (жұма) stands outside the count altogether: it is Arabic, and it names the day people gather for prayer.
Week, day, and the days around today
apta апта
week · Turkish: hafta
kün күн
day · Turkish: gün
The same word is also the sun.
bügın бүгін
today · Turkish: bugün
erteñ ертең
tomorrow · Turkish: yarın
keşe кеше
yesterday · Turkish: dün
Counting them
A number leaves the noun singular, so "two days" comes out as ekı kün (екі күн) — "two day".
ekı kün екі күн
two days · Turkish: iki gün
üş kün үш күн
three days · Turkish: üç gün
bır jūma бір жұма
one week · Turkish: bir hafta
jūma (жұма) in its other sense — a week, not the Friday.